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    Deep dives into water quality, filtration technology, and the science behind cleaner drinking water.

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    Two women in winter coats sitting on a city step, one drinking from a lime green Klean Kanteen TKWide bottle
    Buying Guides
    November 11, 20264 min read

    Winter Storm Water Kit: Ready.gov's Gallon-a-Day Rule, Plus Bottles and a Reservoir to Carry It

    Ready.gov says to store at least one gallon of water per person per day for several days. How to store it, when to replace it, and bottle and reservoir picks for carrying water.

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    Woman smiling in a white outdoor chair holding an orange Klean Kanteen tumbler
    Buying Guides
    November 10, 20263 min read

    Klean Kanteen Sale Specials at 20-40% Off, Plus a HydraPak Reservoir and Bottle-Care Pick

    Klean Kanteen says its Sale Specials collection of closeouts and overstocks is 20-40% off while supplies last. If you have been waiting to replace an old bottle or tumbler, here is what the brand has announced for November, plus a reservoir and a cleaning pick from our guides.

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    Hiker in a red jacket and yellow cap pulling a yellow Klean Kanteen bottle from a backpack outdoors
    Buying Guides
    November 9, 20263 min read

    Klean Kanteen Free Personalization Opens Today: Gift Bottles and Add-Ons for Nov 9-15

    Klean Kanteen says it is offering free personalization from November 9 to 15, which makes this week a good time to order a named bottle as a gift. Here is what the brand has announced, plus a few add-ons from our guides.

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    Trees reflected in Lindenwood Lake at the Highlands Biological Station
    Water Policy
    November 8, 20264 min read

    PURGE Act Proposal Calls for EPA Microplastics Research and Pilot Testing

    A November 6 House release outlines proposed EPA research, a five-year pilot and measurable testing standards for microplastic strategies.

    Hydrology UniversityRead More
    Hiker carrying a yellow Klean Kanteen bottle
    Buying Guides
    November 7, 20263 min read

    Keeping Hydration Gear Clean: HydraPak, Klean Kanteen, WaterH and Purewell Picks

    Cooler months are a good time to clean and refresh the bottles, reservoirs and filters you use most. Here are five picks from our gear guides, with details from the makers.

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    Klean Kanteen sale specials bottles with the headline "Holiday Bottle and Filter Picks" — Hydrology University
    Buying Guides
    November 6, 20264 min read

    Holiday Bottle and Filter Picks: Klean Kanteen, Survivor, HydraPak, WaterH and Sawyer

    A short November buying guide for bottles and portable filters: Klean Kanteen sale specials, Survivor Filter Active bottle, HydraPak 28mm filter kit, WaterH smart bottle, and Sawyer SP129. Check listings for today's price.

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    Infographic: PFAS in everyday products such as cookware, packaging, clothing, cosmetics, and water
    Contaminants
    November 5, 20264 min read

    PFAS and Microplastics: Hidden Chemicals in Everyday Products

    Don DiCostanzo explores PFAS and microplastics in everyday products, how they reach our environment, and practical ways to reduce potential exposure.

    Don DiCostanzoRead More
    AquaTru Classic countertop reverse osmosis system, with the headline "AquaTru vs APEC" — Hydrology University
    Buying Guides
    November 5, 20264 min read

    AquaTru vs APEC: Countertop or Under-Sink RO, Plus Pitcher and Portable Options

    Choosing between a countertop RO like AquaTru Classic and an under-sink system like the APEC ROES-50 depends on install, space and daily use. We also cover a pitcher and a portable squeeze filter for smaller jobs. Check Amazon listings for today's price.

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    The Invisible Cost of Convenience: about 240,000 particles per litre in the bottled water tested (Qian et al., PNAS 2024)
    Contaminants
    November 4, 20266 min read

    The Invisible Cost of Convenience: Microplastics in Our Water and Our Lives

    This op-ed by Don DiCostanzo, co-founder of WaterVO, was originally published on LinkedIn. It is shared here as part of Hydrology University's reading on microplastics and everyday water.

    Don DiCostanzo, Co-founder, WaterVORead More
    Buying Guides
    November 4, 20264 min read

    Waterdrop X12 Review: Very Fast Tankless RO, With Three Real Catches

    Waterdrop's tankless under-sink RO system pairs a smart faucet with fast rated output. Here are the brand's figures, the certification listings, and the installation and running-cost catches.

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    APEC ROES-50 under-sink reverse osmosis system, with the headline "What a TDS Meter Can and Can't Tell You About Your RO System" — Hydrology University
    Buying Guides
    November 4, 20264 min read

    What a TDS Meter Can and Can't Tell You About Your RO System

    A pocket TDS meter is one of the cheapest ways to keep an eye on a reverse osmosis system. Here is what the reading means, what it cannot tell you, and how to use it with an under-sink RO system like the APEC ROES-50.

    Hydrology UniversityRead More
    Orient Historic District sign on Route 25, with the headline "Suffolk County Expands Free PFAS Testing to Nearly 800 Private Wells in Orient, N.Y., and Samples Wells Near a Closed Cutchogue Landfill" — Hydrology University
    Contaminants
    November 2, 20264 min read

    Suffolk County Expands Free PFAS Testing to Nearly 800 Private Wells in Orient, N.Y., and Samples Wells Near a Closed Cutchogue Landfill

    Suffolk County (Oct 26, 2026): free PFOA/PFOS testing for nearly 800 Orient private wells and sampling near a closed Cutchogue landfill. What it means for well owners.

    Hydrology UniversityRead More
    Laboratory microscope used to count microplastics in a water sample, with the headline "Microplastics Turn Chemically Active in Water, Generating Radicals That Columbia and Berkeley Researchers Say Likely Harm Living Tissue" — Hydrology University
    Contaminants
    November 2, 20265 min read

    Microplastics Turn Chemically Active in Water, Generating Radicals That Columbia and Berkeley Researchers Say Likely Harm Living Tissue

    Columbia and Berkeley researchers (reported Oct. 21, 2026): microplastic surfaces generate reactive radicals in water. What the study shows, what it does not, and what it means at home.

    Hydrology UniversityRead More
    Treatment basins at a drinking water treatment plant, with the headline "EPA Launches Its First PFAS TECH Strategy to Pilot New PFAS Treatment and Destruction Technologies" — Hydrology University
    Contaminants
    October 27, 20264 min read

    EPA Launches Its First PFAS TECH Strategy to Pilot New PFAS Treatment and Destruction Technologies

    EPA's PFAS TECH strategy (Oct 26, 2026): research grants, pilot tests of foam fractionation and supercritical water oxidation, and help for water systems. We are the water experts.

    Hydrology UniversityRead More
    The Congaree River at Cayce, South Carolina, with the headline "Cayce, S.C., Stays in National PFAS Lawsuit as Four More Companies Are Named, Setting Settlement Money Aside for Treatment" — Hydrology University
    Contaminants
    October 26, 20264 min read

    Cayce, S.C., Stays in National PFAS Lawsuit as Four More Companies Are Named, Setting Settlement Money Aside for Treatment

    Cayce, S.C. (Oct 25, 2026) stays in a national PFAS suit with four new defendants; about $1.8M received so far is set aside for treatment. We are the water experts.

    Hydrology UniversityRead More
    Luleå University of Technology campus in winter, with the headline "PFAS Treatment Depends on the Water: Luleå University Thesis Finds Activated Carbon and Ion Exchange Resins Respond Differently" — Hydrology University
    Contaminants
    October 25, 20264 min read

    PFAS Treatment Depends on the Water: Luleå University Thesis Finds Activated Carbon and Ion Exchange Resins Respond Differently

    Luleå thesis (Oct 23, 2026): organic matter can cut activated carbon's PFAS retention; ion exchange resins are more selective but phosphate-sensitive. We are the water experts.

    Hydrology UniversityRead More
    Damage after Hurricane Helene floods in Buncombe County, North Carolina, with the headline "Hurricane Helene Dropped Nearly a Fifth of a Year's Microplastics on One North Carolina Mountain Site, Study Finds" — Hydrology University
    Contaminants
    October 24, 20264 min read

    Hurricane Helene Dropped Nearly a Fifth of a Year's Microplastics on One North Carolina Mountain Site, Study Finds

    Hurricane Helene deposited 18.8% of a year's microplastics at one N.C. site, and one stream moved 70 billion particles an hour. What the study shows. We are the water experts.

    Hydrology UniversityRead More
    The Cape Fear River seen from Raven Rock State Park, with the headline "Fayetteville PWC Breaks Ground on $155.1 Million Activated Carbon System for PFAS at Its Cape Fear River Water Plant" — Hydrology University
    Contaminants
    October 23, 20264 min read

    Fayetteville PWC Breaks Ground on $155.1 Million Activated Carbon System for PFAS at Its Cape Fear River Water Plant

    Fayetteville, N.C. (Oct 21, 2026): PWC breaks ground on a $155.1M granular activated carbon system for PFAS at its Cape Fear River plant. What it is, the timeline, what to do. We are the water experts.

    Hydrology UniversityRead More
    The Pennsylvania State Capitol in Harrisburg in fall, with the headline "PFAS Treatment Funding in Pennsylvania: PENNVEST Grants Back New Systems at a School, Two Aqua Wells and a Bucks County Township" — Hydrology University
    Contaminants
    October 22, 20264 min read

    PFAS Treatment Funding in Pennsylvania: PENNVEST Grants Back New Systems at a School, Two Aqua Wells and a Bucks County Township

    Pennsylvania (Oct 21, 2026): PENNVEST grants fund PFAS treatment at a school, two Aqua wells and Bucks County systems. What each project does. We are the water experts.

    Hydrology UniversityRead More
    The Wisconsin State Capitol in Madison, with the headline "PFAS Testing for Private Wells: Wisconsin Launches Home Sample Kits and Community Sampling Grants From $125 Million Trust Fund" — Hydrology University
    Contaminants
    October 21, 20264 min read

    PFAS Testing for Private Wells: Wisconsin Launches Home Sample Kits and Community Sampling Grants From $125 Million Trust Fund

    Wisconsin (Oct 20, 2026): new PFAS sampling grants for communities and a home-kit testing program for private wells. Who qualifies and what to do. We are the water experts.

    Hydrology UniversityRead More
    The Biodesign Institute building at Arizona State University, with the headline "PFAS Broken Down, Not Just Trapped: ASU-Led Team Reports Palladium Membrane Results in Lab Tests" — Hydrology University
    Contaminants
    October 20, 20264 min read

    PFAS Broken Down, Not Just Trapped: ASU-Led Team Reports Palladium Membrane Results in Lab Tests

    ASU News (Oct 19, 2026): a palladium membrane fed with hydrogen broke down six PFAS in a 58-day lab test. What it means, and what it doesn't. We are the water experts.

    Hydrology UniversityRead More
    A person filling a glass at a kitchen sink, with the headline "Microplastics in Wells and Tap Water: What a New UGA Extension Guide Says About Testing and Home Filters" — Hydrology University
    Contaminants
    October 19, 20264 min read

    Microplastics in Wells and Tap Water: What a New UGA Extension Guide Says About Testing and Home Filters

    UGA Extension (Sept 28, 2026): microplastics in private wells and public water, why nanoplastics are hard to capture, and how home filters compare. We are the water experts.

    Hydrology UniversityRead More
    A glass being filled at a kitchen tap, with the headline "Whitted, Fla., Residents Still Wait on City Water After State Testing Found Arsenic and PFOS in Some Wells, Inside Climate News Reports" — Hydrology University
    Contaminants
    October 18, 20264 min read

    Whitted, Fla., Residents Still Wait on City Water After State Testing Found Arsenic and PFOS in Some Wells, Inside Climate News Reports

    Inside Climate News / WUSF (Oct 17, 2026): state tests found arsenic and PFOS in some Whitted, Fla., wells; a $2.3M water hookup is set for 2028. We are the water experts.

    Hydrology UniversityRead More
    Aerial view of Naval Air Station Whidbey Island with the headline "Navy to Connect Whidbey Island Building to City Water After PFAS Found in Private Well, News-Times Reports" — Hydrology University
    Contaminants
    October 17, 20264 min read

    Navy to Connect Whidbey Island Building to City Water After PFAS Found in Private Well, News-Times Reports

    Whidbey News-Times (Oct 16, 2026): PFAS at 5.80-6.26 ppt in a North Whidbey private well; the Navy plans a ~$120,000 hookup to Oak Harbor water. We are the water experts.

    Hydrology UniversityRead More
    A laboratory LC-MS instrument with the headline "FIU Researchers Say New Lab Method Cuts PFAS Testing Time From Over Six Hours to 30 Minutes" — Hydrology University
    Contaminants
    October 16, 20264 min read

    FIU Researchers Say New Lab Method Cuts PFAS Testing Time From Over Six Hours to 30 Minutes

    FIU News (Oct 15, 2026): an automated online solid-phase extraction method cuts PFAS lab testing from 6+ hours to 30 minutes; certification still required. We are the water experts.

    Hydrology UniversityRead More
    Illustrated pH spectrum title card — The pH Spectrum: From Your Blood to Your Tap — Hydrology University
    Guides
    October 15, 20266 min read

    The pH Spectrum: From Your Blood to Your Tap

    From blood at 7.4 to tap water at 6.5-8.5: a plain-English guide to pH in your body and your water, and what the numbers on alkaline and air-made water mean.

    Hydrology UniversityRead More
    San Jose City Hall with the headline "San Jose Water's Planned Ion-Exchange PFAS Plant Highlighted by California Regulators as a Model" — Hydrology University
    Contaminants
    October 15, 20264 min read

    San Jose Water's Planned Ion-Exchange PFAS Plant Highlighted by California Regulators as a Model

    CPUC (Oct 14, 2026): San Jose Water's Williams Station ion-exchange PFAS facility would be among the largest in the U.S. Infrastructure story, not a new tap survey. We are the water experts.

    Hydrology UniversityRead More
    Sunlight falling through a window into an empty room, in a 1900 painting by Vilhelm Hammershøi.
    Current News
    October 14, 20263 min read

    Breathing In Bottle-Plastic Nanoparticles Damaged Brain Insulation in a Laboratory Inhalation Study

    In a laboratory inhalation study, researchers used a lab exposure model to deliver "environmentally simulated" PET nanoplastics as an aerosol over time. The particles reached the brain and were linked to loss of myelin, inflammation and cognitive deficits, most clearly at the highest, workplace-relevant dose. It's an inhalation study, not a drinking-water study, and it doesn't show harm in people.

    Hydrology UniversityRead More
    Lock and Dam No. 2 on the Mississippi River at Hastings, Minnesota, with the headline "PFAS Detected at 83% of 1,602 U.S. River, Lake and Stream Sites Tested, New Report Finds" — Hydrology University
    Contaminants
    October 14, 20264 min read

    PFAS Detected at 83% of 1,602 U.S. River, Lake and Stream Sites Tested, New Report Finds

    Environment America and Frontier Group (Oct 13, 2026): PFAS detected at 1,329 of 1,602 U.S. surface-water sites, 2022–2024. Surface water, not tap water. We are the water experts.

    Hydrology UniversityRead More
    Illinois State Capitol in Springfield with the headline "Illinois Becomes First State to Win EPA's Tentative Approval for PFAS Drinking-Water Primacy" — Hydrology University
    Contaminants
    October 13, 20264 min read

    Illinois Becomes First State to Win EPA's Tentative Approval for PFAS Drinking-Water Primacy

    EPA tentatively approves Illinois PFAS primacy (FR Sept 30, 2026). Final Oct 30 if no hearing. Monitoring 2027; MCLs April 26, 2029. We are the water experts.

    Hydrology UniversityRead More
    Fort Pond Bay in Montauk, New York, with the headline "Battery Fire Suppressant Linked to Ultra-Short-Chain PFAS in Long Island Drinking Water Wells" — Hydrology University
    Contaminants
    October 12, 20265 min read

    Battery Fire Suppressant Linked to Ultra-Short-Chain PFAS in Long Island Drinking Water Wells

    NYSDEC links ultra-short-chain PFAS PFPrA in East Hampton, NY wells to a fire suppressant from a 2023 battery fire. Two wells offline. We are the water experts.

    Hydrology UniversityRead More
    A chemist testing water samples in an EPA laboratory, with the headline "Self-Floating Glass Microbubbles Capture Nanoplastics in 10 Minutes for Faster Detection, Study Finds" — Hydrology University
    Contaminants
    October 11, 20264 min read

    Self-Floating Glass Microbubbles Capture Nanoplastics in 10 Minutes for Faster Detection, Study Finds

    Analytical Chemistry (Oct 7, 2026): tannic acid-coated glass microbubbles capture nanoplastics in 10 minutes for sensitive detection. We are the water experts.

    Hydrology UniversityRead More
    Open basins at a U.S. drinking water treatment plant during coagulation and filtration, with the headline "Small and Rural Water Systems Face Higher PFAS Treatment Costs, Nationwide Study Finds" — Hydrology University
    Contaminants
    October 10, 20264 min read

    Small and Rural Water Systems Face Higher PFAS Treatment Costs, Nationwide Study Finds

    Nationwide TEA/LCA (Nature Communications, Oct 1 2026): utility size drives PFAS GAC vs IX costs; small/rural systems face disproportionate burdens. The water experts explain.

    Hydrology UniversityRead More
    The California State Capitol dome in Sacramento under a clear sky.
    Contaminants
    October 9, 20262 min read

    California Adds Microplastics to Its Candidate Chemicals List

    As of October 1, 2026, California's Department of Toxic Substances Control can evaluate consumer products that contain or shed microplastics for possible regulation. The listing places no new obligations on manufacturers or retailers. Any requirements would need a separate Priority Product rulemaking with public comment.

    Hydrology UniversityRead More
    Open basins at a U.S. drinking water treatment plant during coagulation and filtration, with the headline "Augusta, Maine Restores East-Side Well After About $2 Million PFAS Filtration Upgrade" — Hydrology University
    Contaminants
    October 9, 20264 min read

    Augusta, Maine Restores East-Side Well After About $2 Million PFAS Filtration Upgrade

    Augusta restored east-side wells after a ~$2M PFAS filtration project. The water experts explain the timeline, Maine's 20 ppt limit, and absorption treatment.

    Hydrology UniversityRead More
    Open basins at a U.S. drinking water treatment plant during coagulation and filtration, with the headline "Greensboro Approves About $260 Million for PFAS Treatment: How Granular Activated Carbon Works" — Hydrology University
    Contaminants
    October 8, 20264 min read

    Greensboro Approves About $260 Million for PFAS Treatment: How Granular Activated Carbon Works

    Greensboro approved about $260M for PFAS treatment at its Mitchell plant. The water experts explain granular activated carbon and what it means for you.

    Hydrology UniversityRead More
    A USGS scientist in a hard hat and gloves collects a groundwater sample for PFAS analysis, with the headline "PFAS Above State Limit in Over Half of Tested Tiverton, R.I. Wells: What Well Owners Should Know" — Hydrology University
    Contaminants
    October 7, 20264 min read

    PFAS Above State Limit in Over Half of Tested Tiverton, R.I. Wells: What Well Owners Should Know

    101 of 184 tested Tiverton, R.I. private wells exceed the state's 20 ppt PFAS standard. The water experts explain the findings and private-well testing basics.

    Hydrology UniversityRead More
    Microscope set up for counting microplastics in water samples, with the headline "Nanoplastics in Drinking Water: What 239 Studies Cover, and What They Miss" — Hydrology University
    Contaminants
    October 6, 20264 min read

    Nanoplastics in Drinking Water: What 239 Studies Cover, and What They Miss

    A 2026 review of 239 studies finds nanoplastics-in-drinking-water research is booming, but methods, treatment and distribution systems lag. The water experts explain.

    Hydrology UniversityRead More
    Title card reading "New UMaine Facility Will Map Microplastics in Maine’s Water, Seafood and Soil" — Hydrology University
    Contaminants
    October 5, 20264 min read

    New UMaine Facility Will Map Microplastics in Maine’s Water, Seafood and Soil

    UMaine’s NSF-funded FTIR microscope facility will help Maine map microplastics in water, seafood and soil. What FTIR imaging does, and what’s next.

    Hydrology UniversityRead More
    Title card reading "Real-Time LIBD Tracks Nanoplastics Deposition on Nanofiltration Membranes" — Hydrology University
    Contaminants
    October 4, 20263 min read

    Real-Time LIBD Tracks Nanoplastics Deposition on Nanofiltration Membranes

    A bench-scale Water Research study uses LIBD to count nanoplastic deposition and release on nanofiltration membranes in real time. An engineering measurement advance, not a consumer product claim.

    Hydrology UniversityRead More
    Title card reading "Microplastics clog liver immune cells in mice" with a lab-mouse illustration. Illustration: NIAID (public domain).
    Contaminants
    October 3, 20263 min read

    Mouse Study Tracks Microplastics Into Liver Immune Cells

    A mouse study tracked size-dependent plastic accumulation in liver immune cells and changes in fat storage. It does not establish effects or health risks in people.

    Hydrology UniversityRead More
    VIDEO: The Future of Drinking Water
    Video Briefings
    September 15, 20261 min 37 sec watch

    VIDEO: The Future of Drinking Water

    A 97-second visual briefing on why drinking-water source, monitoring, and treatment technology matter, and how atmospheric water generation changes the equation.

    Hydrology University Editorial TeamRead More
    Aluminum in Drinking Water: The Invisible Contaminant Linked to Neurological Risk
    Contaminants
    February 21, 202614 min read

    Aluminum in Drinking Water: The Invisible Contaminant Linked to Neurological Risk

    A Hydrology University deep dive into 390+ peer-reviewed studies on aluminum in drinking water — the EPA's unregulated contaminant associated with a 2–3× increased risk of Alzheimer's disease. No enforceable federal health standard exists.

    Editorial TeamRead More
    The Hidden Health Risks of Nano- and Microplastics in Bottled Water: What 141 Studies Reveal
    Contaminants
    February 16, 202612 min read

    The Hidden Health Risks of Nano- and Microplastics in Bottled Water: What 141 Studies Reveal

    A landmark Concordia University review reveals bottled water drinkers ingest up to 90,000 more plastic particles annually than tap water consumers. We break down the chronic health risks, brand-level contamination data, and the regulatory vacuum.

    Editorial TeamRead More
    VIDEO: Nanoplastics in Shower & Bath Water — An Overlooked Exposure Point
    Video Briefings
    September 12, 202652 sec watch

    VIDEO: Nanoplastics in Shower & Bath Water — An Overlooked Exposure Point

    A 52-second Hydrology University visual briefing on shower and bath water, indoor exposure pathways, and the questions that require specialized laboratory testing.

    Hydrology University Editorial TeamRead More
    A New Bet on Destroying 'Forever Chemicals' — And What It Means for Your Water
    Regulation & Legal
    February 12, 20268 min read

    A New Bet on Destroying 'Forever Chemicals' — And What It Means for Your Water

    Investors are backing on-site PFAS destruction technology. We break down what this means for municipalities, homeowners, and the legal landscape around water contamination.

    Editorial TeamRead More
    Contaminants
    January 20, 20268 min read

    Understanding PFAS: The 'Forever Chemicals' in Your Water

    Learn what PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) are, where they are used, and how researchers and water systems monitor them.

    HU Editorial TeamRead More

    All Articles

    AWG Water vs. Municipal Tap Water: What's Really in Your Glass?
    Technology10 min read

    AWG Water vs. Municipal Tap Water: What's Really in Your Glass?

    Municipal water quality reports describe system monitoring and may not reflect conditions at an individual tap. We compare water-source considerations and explain how atmospheric water generation works.

    HU Editorial Team • February 10, 2026
    Buying Guides12 min read

    RO vs. Whole House Filtration: Which is Right for You?

    A comparison of reverse osmosis point-of-use systems and whole-house filtration, including installation, cost, operation, and maintenance considerations.

    HU Editorial Team • January 15, 2026
    Testing6 min read

    How to Test Your Home Water Quality

    A guide to DIY water testing kits, professional lab analysis, and understanding the results available from a test or water-quality report.

    HU Editorial Team • January 10, 2026
    Maintenance5 min read

    The Truth About Water Softener Salt

    Sodium chloride vs. potassium chloride, pellets vs. crystals, and how often you really need to refill. Everything you need to know about water softener maintenance.

    HU Editorial Team • January 5, 2026
    Contaminants10 min read

    Microplastics in Drinking Water: What the Science Says

    We review research on microplastics in drinking water and explain the questions researchers are still studying.

    HU Editorial Team • January 26, 2026
    Cost Analysis7 min read

    5-Year Cost Analysis: RO System vs. Bottled Water

    We calculated the true cost of ownership for popular RO systems versus buying bottled water. The results might surprise you—and your wallet.

    HU Editorial Team • January 26, 2026

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    It’s in the WATER by Sean Lupton-Smith, cover: a dark iridescent sphere resting on water, subtitled A False Sense of Security

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    It’s in the WATER

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